Exhaustion, emotional interference, domain of the environment, self-efficacy and engagement of teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32870/dse.v0i28.1355

Abstract

Teachers have been one of the most affected professionals during the pandemic, as the contingency has challenged them to make important changes in their professional work. This study aims to analyze the association between mental health, psychoeducational and sociodemographic variables in school-level teachers during COVID-19. For this, a quantitative approach with a descriptive-correlational-causal cross-sectional design was used. The results showed that the teachers presented high levels of emotional exhaustion, half of the time they experienced difficulties in reducing emotional interference, once a week they reported difficulties in dominating the environment and they believe themselves somewhat capable of promoting self-assessment of the study; however, they are frequently engaged; and this engagement is associated with emotional exhaustion, mastery of the environment, self-efficacy, being a woman, as well as the nature of their part-time employment, contributing 26% of the shared variability.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Valentina Ramos-Huenteo, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción

Magíster en Educación. Línea de investigación: Variables de salud mental en comunidades educativas. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción. Chile.

Fabiola Sáez-Delgado, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción

Doctora en Psicología. Línea de investigación: Variables de salud mental en comunidades educativas. Académica, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción. Chile.

Javier Mella-Norambuena, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María

Magíster en Psicología. Línea de investigación: Variables cognitivas motivacionales de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Docente, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Chile.

Yaranay López-Angulo, Universidad de Concepción

Doctora en Psicología. Líneas de investigación: Variables cognitivas motivacionales relacionadas con el abandono universitario, psicoeducación y género. Académica, Universidad de Concepción. Chile.

References

Abarca, C.; L. Ramírez; T. Caycho (2020). Inteligencia emocional y burnout en docentes de educación inicial de Ayacucho. Apuntes Universitarios, 10(2), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.17162/au.v10i2.438

Alava, A. (2020). Bienestar psicológico y asertividad de los docentes de la unidad educativa santa dorotea de ciudad de quito, en el año 2019. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, 21(1), 1-9. http://mpoc.org.my/malaysian-palm-oil-industry/

Alves, R.; T. Lopes; J. Precioso (2020). Teachers’ Well-Being in Times of Covid-19 Pandemic: Factors that Explain Professional Well-Being. International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, 15, 203-217. https://doi.org/10.46661/ijeri.5120

Asa, F.; V. Lasebikan (2016). Mental Health of Teachers: Teachers’ Stress, Anxiety and Depression among Secondary Schools in Nigeria. International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal, 7(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/INDJ/2016/27039

Ato, M., J. López; A. Benavente (2013). A Classification System for Research Designs in Psychology. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511

Bandura, A.; A. O’Leary; C. Taylor; J. Gauthier; D. Gossard (1987). Perceived Self-Efficacy and Pain Control: Opioid and Nonopioid Mechanisms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(3), 563-571. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.3.563

Baloran, E.; J. Hernan (2020). Crisis Self-Efficacy and Work Commitment of Education Workers among Public Schools during COVID-19 Pandemic. Preprints, 1, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202007.0599

Bozkurt, A.; R. Sharma (2020). Emergency Remote Teaching in a time of global crisis due to CoronaVirus Pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3778083

Bryson, C.; L. Hand (2007). The role of Engagement in Inspiring Teaching and Learning. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 44(4), 349-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703290701602748

Breusch, T.; A. Pagan (1979). A Simple Test for Heteroscedasticity and Random Coefficient Variation. Econometrica 47, 1287-1294

Cáceres-Muñoz, J.; A. Jiménez-Hernández; M. Martín-Sánchez (2020). Cierre de escuelas y desigualdad socioeducativa en tiempos del Covid-19. Una investigación exploratoria en clave internacional. Revista Internacional de Educación para la Justicia Social, 9(3), 199-221. https://doi.org/10.15366/riejs2020.9.3.011

Caicedo. E.; M. Zalazar-Jaime (2018). Entrevistas cognitivas: Revisión, directrices de uso y aplicación en investigaciones psicológicas. Avaliação Psicológica, 17(3), 362-370. http://dx.doi.org/10.15689/ap.2018.1703.14883.09

Carlotto, M.; S. Câmara (2015). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Common Mental Disorders among Teachers. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 31, 201-206. 10.1016/j.rpto.2015.04.003

Celio-Pillaca, J. (2021). Burnout y satisfacción con la vida en docentes que realizan clases virtuales en un contexto de pandemia por covid-19. Puriq, 3(1), 185-212. https://doi.org/10.37073/puriq.3.1.142

Cohen, S.; P. Gianaros; S. Manuck (2016). A Stage Model of Stress and Disease. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(4), 456-463. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616646305

Collie, R. (2021). COVID-19 and Teachers’ Somatic Burden, Stress, and Emotional Exhaustion: Examining the Role of Principal Leadership and Workplace Buoyancy. AERA Open, 7. https://doi.org/10.1177/233285842098618

Dallal, G.; L. Wilkinson (1986): An Analytic Approximation to the Distribution of Lilliefors' Test for Normality. The American Statistician, 40, 294-296

Espinosa-Izquierdo, J.; J. Granados-Romero (2021). El síndrome burnout y su efecto en el desempeño docente en tiempo de pandemia. Polo del Conocimiento, 6(3), 670-679. https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v6i3.2395

Faskhodi, A.; M. Siyyari (2018). Dimensions of Work Engagement and Teacher Burnout: A Study of Relations among Iranian EFL Teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 43(1), 78-93. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2018v43n1.5

Fox, J.; S. Weisberg (2018). An R Companion to Applied Regression, Third Edition, Sage.

Galvis-López, G.; A. Vásquez; Y. Caviativa; P. Ospina; V. Chaves; L. Carreño; V. Vera (2021). Tensiones y realidades de los docentes universitarios frente a la pandemia Covid-19. European Journal of Health Research, 7(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.32457/ejhr.v7i1.1396

García-Fernández, L.; V. Romero-Ferreiro; S. Padilla; P. López-Roldán; M. Monzó-García; R. Rodríguez-Jiménez (2021). Gender Differences in Emotional Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Spain. Brain and Behavior, 11(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1934

Grajales, T. (2001). Estudio de la validez factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory versión Española en una población de profesionales mexicanos. Memorias del CIE, 2(1), 63-82.

Guzmán-González, M.; C. Trabucco; M. Urzúa; L. Garrido; J. Leiva (2014). Validez y confiabilidad de la versión adaptada al español de la escala de dificultades de regulación emocional (DERS-E) en población chilena. Terapia Psicológica, 32(1), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082014000100002

Hamama, L.; T. Ronen; K. Shachar; M. Rosenbaum (2013). Links between Stress, Positive and Negative Affect, and Life Satisfaction among Teachers in Special Education Schools. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 731-751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9352-4

Hederich-Martínez, C. (2016). Validación del cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) en contexto académico colombiano. CES Psicología, 9(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.9.1.1

Hernández, F. (2018). Autoeficacia docente y desempeño docente, ¿una relación entre variables? Innovación Educativa, 18(78), 171-192. http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/ie/v18n78/1665-2673-ie-18-78-171.pdf

Hultell, D.; J. Gustavsson (2011). Factors Affecting Burnout and Work Engagement in Teachers when Entering Employment. Work, 40(1), 85-98. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2011-1209

Karahan, E.; G. Roehrig (2016). Use of Web 2.0 Technologies to Enhance Learning Experiences in Alternative School Settings. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 4(4), 272. https://doi.org/10.18404/ijemst.32930

Klassen, R.; S. Yerdelen; T. Durksen (2013). Measuring Teacher Engagement: Development of the Engaged Teachers Scale (ETS). Frontline Learning Research, 1(2), 33-52. https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v1i2.44

Kraft, M.; N. Simon; M. Lyon (2020). Sustaining a Sense of Success: The Importance of Teacher Working Conditions during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 20(1), 1-56. https://doi.org/10.26300/35nj-v890

Kulikowski, K.; S. Przytu?a; L. Su?kowski (2021). The Motivation of Academics in Remote Teaching during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Polish Universities-Opening the Debate on a New Equilibrium in E-learning. Sustainability, 13(5), 2752. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052752

Lie, A.; S. Tamah; I. Gozali; K. Triwidayati; T. Utami; F. Jemadi (2020). Secondary School Language Teachers’ Online Learning Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Journal of Information Technology Education. 19, 803-832. https://doi.org/10.28945/4626

López-Angulo, Y.; J. Mella-Norambuena; F. Sáez-Delgado; R. Álvarez-Jara (2020). La Inteligencia emocional en apoderados chilenos confinados por la COVID-19. CienciAmérica, 9(2), 285. https://doi.org/10.33210/ca.v9i2.320

Maheswara, S. (2017). Mental Health Status of High School Teachers. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(3), 54-61. https://doi.org/10.25215/0403.046

Manzano, A. (2020). Síndrome de burnout en docentes de una Unidad Educativa, Ecuador. Horizontes Revista de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación, 4(16), 499-511. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistahorizontes.v4i16.132

Marx, I.; G. Domes; C. Havenstein; C. Berger; L. Schulze; S. Herpertz (2011). Enhanced Emotional Interference on Working Memory Performance in Adults with ADHD. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 12, 70-75. https://doi.org/10.3109/15622975.2011.599213

Maslach, C.; S. Jackson (1981). The Measurement of Experienced Burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205

Maslach, C.; S. Jackson; M. Leiter (1986). The Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual. https://bit.ly/3djunNA

Mella-Morambuena, J.; Y. López-Angulo; F. Sáez-Delgado; M. del Valle (2020). Estrategias de afrontamiento en apoderados durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19. CienciAmérica, 9(2), 322. https://doi.org/10.33210/ca.v9i2.324

Menghi, M. (2018). La salud mental de los docentes: factores de protección: Teachers’ Mental Health: Protective Factors. Revista ConCiencia EPG, 3(1), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.32654/CONCIENCIAEPG.3-1.1

Meo, A.; V. Dabenigno (2021). Teletrabajo docente durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en Argentina. Condiciones materiales y perspectivas sobre la carga de trabajo, la responsabilidad social y la toma de decisiones. Revista de Sociología de la Educación-RASE, 14(1), 103-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/RASE.14.1.18221

Millán, A.; N. Calvanese; M. D’Aubeterre (2017). Condiciones de trabajo, estrés laboral, dependencia universitaria y bienestar psicológico en docentes universitarios. Revista de Docencia Universitaria, 15(1), 195. https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2017.6009

MINEDUC (2020). Ministerio de Educación de Chile. Educación en Pandemia: Principales medidas del Ministerio de Educación en 2020. https://bit.ly/3uiKvq0

MINTRAB (2020) ¿En qué consiste la jornada parcial de trabajo y cuáles son sus características? https://www.dt.gob.cl/portal/1628/w3-article-60089.html

Oñate, M.; R. Resett; M. Menghi; M. Iglesia (2016). Burnout y autoconcepto en psicólogos clínicos. Revista de Psicoterapia, 27(103), 215-229. https://doi.org/10.33898/rdp.v27i103.53

OMS (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation Update. World Health Organization, 14(6), 1-16. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports

Portillo, S.; L. Castellanos; Ó. Reynoso; O. Gabotto (2020). Enseñanza remota de emergencia ante la pandemia Covid-19 en Educación Media Superior y Educación Superior. Propósitos y Representaciones, 8(3). http://dx.doi.org/1020511/pyr2020.v8nSPE3.589

Pressley, T. (2021). Factors Contributing to Teacher Burnout During COVID-19. Educational Researcher, 20(10), 1-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189X211004138

Ramos, V.; H. García; C. Olea; K. Lobos; S. Fabiola (2020). Percepción docente al trabajo pedagógico durante COVID-19. CienciAmérica, 9(2), 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33210/ca.v9i2.325

Rey, L.; N. Extremera; M. Peña (2012). Burnout and Work Engagement in Teachers: Are Sex and Level Taught Important? Ansiedad y Estrés, 18(3), 119-129. https://bit.ly/3mcA1oW

Ruiz, D.; M. Moreno; C. Beltrán; C. Perales (2014). Burnout y work engagement en docentes universitarios de Zacatecas. Ciencia y Trabajo, 16(50) 16-120. https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/cyt/v16n50/art10.pdf

Ryff, C. (1989). Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069

Ryff, C. (1995). Psychological Well-Being in Adult Life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772395

Sáez-Delgado, F.; M. Cofré; C. Estrada; M. Fornerod; M. García; E. Muñoz; G. Segovia (2020). Escala de autoeficacia docente para la promoción de la autorregulación del aprendizaje. CienciAmérica, 9(3), 64. https://doi.org/10.33210/ca.v9i3.332

Sáez-Delgado, F.; C. Olea-González; J. Mella-Norambuena; Y. López-Angulo; H. García-Vásquez; R. Cobo-Rendón; F. López (2020). Caracterización psicosocial y salud mental en familias de escolares chilenos durante el aislamiento físico por la Covid-19. Revista Internacional de Educacion para La Justicia Social, 9(3), 281-300. https://doi.org/10.15366/RIEJS2020.9.3.015

Sáez-Delgado, F.; C. Bustos; M. Pérez; J. Mella; K. Lobos; A. Díaz (2018). Disposición al estudio, autoeficacia y atribuciones causales en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Journal of Educational Psychology-Propositos y Representaciones, 6(1), 223-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.20511/pyr2018.v6n1.179

Sahito, Z.; P. Vaisanen (2020). A Literature Review on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Developing Countries: Recommendations and Solutions for the Enhancement of the Job. Review of Education, 8(1), 3-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3159

Santamaría, M.; N. Mondragon; N. Santxo; N. Ozamiz-Etxebarria (2021). Teacher Stress, Anxiety and Depression at the Beginning of the Academic Year during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Global Mental Health, 8(e14), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2021.14

Santander, S.; M. Gaeta; V. Martínez-Otero (2020). Impacto de la regulación emocional en el aula: un estudio con profesores españoles. Revista Interuniversitaria de Formación Del Profesorado, 95(1), 225-246. https://doi.org/10.47553/rifop.v34i2.77695

Schonfeld, I.; R. Bianchi (2016). Burnout and Depression: Two Entities or One. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72, 22-37. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22229

Sharay, T. (2020). Relationship of Teachers’ Emotional Burnout with Life-Purpose Orientations and Copying Strategies. Parpha Proceedings, 6, 2275-2285. https://doi.org/10.3897/ap.2.e2275

Syrek, C.; J. Kühnel; T. Vahle-Hinz; J. de Bloom (2021). Being an Accountant, Cook, Entertainer and Teacher-all at the Same Time: Changes in Employees' Work and Work?Related Well?Being during the coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. International Journal of Psychology, 1, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12761

Talidong, K. (2020). Implementation of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) among Philippine Teachers in Xi’an, China. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 196-201. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.388182

Tyra, A.; S. Griffin; T. Fergus; A. Ginty (2021). Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation Prospectively Predict Early Covid-19 Related Acute Stress. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 81(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102411

Viner, R.; S. Russell; H. Croker; J. Packer; J. Ward; C. Stansfield; O. Mytton; C. Bonell; R. Booy (2020). School Closure and Management Practices during Coronavirus Outbreaks including COVID-19: A Rapid Systematic Review. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 4(5), 397-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30095-X

Vytasek, J.; A. Patzak; P. Winne (2020) Análisis para la participación de los estudiantes. Paradigmas de aprendizaje automático. Springer, Cham, 23-48.

Wong, J.; J. Yang (2020). Seeing is Believing: Examining Self-Efficacy and Trait Hope as Moderators of Youths’ Positive Risk-Taking Intention. Journal of Risk Research, 1, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1750463

Yildirim, M.; A. Güler (2020). COVID-19 Severity, Self-Efficacy, Knowledge, Preventive Behaviors, and Mental Health in Turkey. Death Studies, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1793434

Yurtçu, M.; H. Orhan-Karsak (2021). The Effects of Pre-Service Teachers’ Extracurricular Study Habits and Emotion Regulation on Lifelong Learning Tendencies in Covid-19 Process: The Effects of Pre-Service Teachers’ Extracurricular Study Habits and Emotion Regulation. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 13(1), 334-342

Published

2023-10-31