Aprendiendo a ponerse en los zapatos del otro: empatía y su vínculo con el desarrollo socioemocional y cognitivo en el aula
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https://doi.org/10.32870/dse.v0i32.1587Resumen
La capacidad de pensar de manera empática se desarrolla temprano en la vida a través de la interacción con los otros. En este sentido, la escuela tiene un papel fundamental en la formación de la empatía. Este artículo explora el papel crítico de las habilidades empáticas en el desarrollo socioemocional y académico de los estudiantes en el contexto educativo contemporáneo. Se adopta una definición actualizada del concepto de empatía, fundamentada en evidencias, que involucra una serie de procesos cognitivos interdependientes como el contagio emocional, la preocupación empática, la toma de perspectiva y la modulación emocional. Utilizando este marco conceptual, se analiza la literatura existente sobre el vínculo entre habilidades empáticas y otras variables del desarrollo socioemocional y éxito académico de estudiantes en diferentes etapas escolares. Esta revisión sugiere que existen asociaciones positivas entre las habilidades empáticas y diversas competencias sociales y académicas. Además, los procesos de empatía cognitiva surgen como un factor protector ante el desgaste emocional de los estudiantes. Finalmente, se discuten posibles estrategias para fomentar el desarrollo de habilidades empáticas en el aula; se enfatiza el papel de los maestros en modelar dichas competencias y se analiza el programa de intervención Roots of Empathy y sus resultados.Descargas
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